| Hand hygiene | Proper handwashing with soap & water plus use of alcohol‐based hand rubs; ensuring all staff, patients and visitors comply. Provide sinks and hand rub dispensers at point of care; monitor compliance. | Neftaly already provides training and programs around hygiene; ensure hospital wards, clinics have sufficient dispensers; post signage; periodic audits; feedback. |
| Sterilization / Disinfection of equipment & environment | Proper cleaning of surfaces, sterilizing surgical instruments, disinfecting rooms (especially high‐touch areas). Use of validated sterilization processes. | The “clean and sterilise operating theatre central supply items” course is helpful. Must ensure policies & SOPs are in place, staff trained, supplies available. |
| Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) | Gloves, masks, gowns, face shields as appropriate; correct donning/doffing procedures. | Training of all staff; ensuring adequate supply; monitoring proper use. |
| Surveillance of infections | Monitoring incidence of HAIs (e.g. surgical site infections, catheter‐associated infections, ventilator‐associated pneumonia), tracking trends, identifying outbreaks early. | Ensure lab capacity, good record keeping, use of data to drive improvements. |
| Antimicrobial stewardship | Rational use of antibiotics; avoid overuse/misuse to reduce antimicrobial resistance. | Developing stewardship policy; ensuring oversight; education of prescribers; monitoring antibiotic usage. |
| Safe injection & sharps handling | Use of sterile needles; safe disposal of sharps; minimizing needlestick injuries. | Proper sharps containers; training; monitoring. |
| Patient screening & isolation | Screening on admission for transmissible infections (e.g. TB, MRSA, etc.), isolating patients if needed; cohorting. | Implement screening protocols; isolation wards or rooms; policies for visitation. |
| Staff training and education | Ongoing IPC training for all patient‐facing staff, cleaning, support, administrative, etc. Refresher sessions. | Neftaly’s course offerings help; ensure mandatory training; keep up with current guidelines (WHO, national health department). |
| Environmental controls | Ventilation; air filtration; water safety; maintaining clean water supply; proper waste disposal (medical waste). | Ensure hospital infrastructure supports good ventilation; safe water; wastewater; provision of reliable electrification etc. |
| Cleaning and waste management | Regular cleaning schedules, correct disinfectants, management of medical and biological waste, linen handling. | SOPs; supervision; adequate cleaning staff; supplies. |
| Visitor & patient education | Teach patients/visitors about infection prevention: hand hygiene; respiratory hygiene; visiting rules. | Use of posters; orientation; verbal instructions. |
| Policy, governance, oversight & committees | Having an IPC committee; clear policy documents; leadership commitment; monitoring & accountability. | Neftaly hospital can establish such committees; assign roles; conduct audits and reviews; allocate resources. |
